Comparing Repeated Sales Indices (BMN and Case-Shiller) in Real Estate Markets in City of Tehran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Finance and Insurance, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Prof., Eco College of Insurance, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

3 M.Sc., Department of Financial, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: Real estate price fluctuations are one of the main concerns among policy makers, investors and also people as investors or consumers. Because of the heterogeneity feature of Real estate, measuring its fluctuations would a challenging task. Up to now, Real estate’s price movements have been measured by average indices in Iran. But, considering heterogeneoushome prices, it hasn’t been able to correctly demonstrate price movements, because if transaction of expensive Real estate increase in a given period, price index will increase whereas may home prices did not have such a trend at all. In developed countries, constant quality indices (hedonic and repeated sales indices) have been used for measuring fluctuations in real estate prices. In this research we try to develop a better index for Tehran housing market.
Methods: for this purpose, we have developed two repeated sales indices (Case_Shiller and BMN) for selected regions (1, 3, 6, 11, 16 and 20) during 1389 to 1396 and then we compare the indices by Out of sample Method.
Results: According to the out of sample method, the BMN index can better show the fluctuation of real estate markets in Tehran.
Conclusion: Considering that the repeated selling indices can measure fluctuation of real estate markets better than average indices, we suggest that investors and policymakers use the BMN index to check the fluctuation of real estate markets.

Keywords


Ansah, A. (2012). Measuring and understanding the house price dynamics of the Aberdeen housing market. Doctoral dissertation, Aberdeen University.
Bailey, M. J., Muth, R. F., & Nourse, H. O. (1963). A regression method for real estate price index construction. The American Statistical Association, 58(304), 933–942.
Bell, K. C. (2006). World Bank Support for Land Administration and Management: Responding to the Challenges of the Millennium Development Goals, Paper presented at the 23rd FIG Congress, Munich Germany.
Case, B., & Szymanosky, E. J. (1995). Precision in house price indices: Finding of a comparative study of house price index methods. Journal of Housing Research, 6 (3),  483–496.
Case, K. E., & Shiller, R. J. (1987). Prices of single-family homes since 1970: new indexes for four cities. New England Economic Review, 45–56.
Clapp, J. M., & Giaccotto, C. (1998). Price indices based on the hedonic repeatsale method: application to the housing market. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 16(1), 5–26
Costello, G., & Watkins, C. (2002). Towards a System of Local House Price Indexes. Housing Studies, 17(6), 857–873.
Deng, Y., & Quigley, J. M. (2008). Index revision, house price risk, and the market for house price derivatives. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 37(3), 191-209.
Fisher, J., Gatzlaff, D., Geltner, D., & Haurin, D. (2003). Controlling for the impact of variable liquidity in commercial real estate price indices. Real Estate Economics, 31(2), 269-303.
Gatzlaff, D. H., & Haurin, D. R. (1997). Sample selection bias and repeat-sales index estimates. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 14(1), 33-50.
Goetzmann, W. N. (1992). The accuracy of real estate indices: Repeat sale estimators. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 5(1), 5-53.
Goetzmann, W. N., & Peng, L. (2002). The bias of the RSR estimator and the accuracy of some alternatives. Real Estate Economics, 30(1), 13-39.
Goetzmann, W., & Peng, L. (2006). Estimating house price indexes in the presence of seller reservation prices. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(1), 100-112.
Hill, R. C., Knight, J. R., & Sirmans, C. F. (1997). Estimating capital asset price indexes. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 226-233.
Lancaster, K. J. (1966). A new approach to consumer theory. Journal of Political Economy, 74(2), 132–157.
Leishman, C., & Watkins, C. (2002). Estimating local repeat sales house price indices for British cities. Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 20(1), 36–58.
Lopez, E., & Hewings, G.J.D. (2018). Housing price indices for small spatial units. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 70, 57-71.
Minne, A., Francke, M., Geltner, D., White, R. (2019). Using Revisions as a Measure of Price Index Quality in Repeat-Sales Models. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 1-40. DOI: 10.1007/s11146-018-9692-x
Pagourtzi, E., Assimakopoulos, V., Hatzichristos, T., & French, N. (2003). Real estate appraisal: a review of valuation methods. Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 21(4), 383–401.
Peng, L. (2002). GMM repeat sales price indices. Real Estate Economics, 30(2), 239-261.
Peng, L., & Zhang, L. (2019). House Prices and Systematic Risk: Evidence from Micro Data. Real Estate Economics, Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.12277.
Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34–55.
Shiller, R. J. (1993). Measuring seet values for cash settlement in derivative markets: hedonic repeated measures indices and perpetual futures. NBER Technical Working Papers 0131, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Sommervoll, D. E. (2006). Temporal aggregation in repeated sales models. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 33(2), 151-165.
Tsatsaronis, K., & Zhu, H. (2004). What drives housing price dynamics: Crosscountry evidence? BIS Quarterly Review, 65–78.